Water softeners are the most effective way for combating the overall effects of hard water. Hard water causes scaling, scale blocks and damages pipes, valves and hot water equipment. Hard water also makes detergent and soap difficult to lather as well as wash off. The minerals in the water will also leave spots on whiteware, glass and vehicles. Water softeners remove minerals such as calcium, magnesium and low quantities of iron. This is done through an ion-exchange process leaving soft water. The ion-exchange process requires the unit to backwash and regenerate after its capacity is reached. To regenerate the system the unit requires coarse salt. Brine is drawn up from the tank and chemical exchange occurs so the softener is recharged.